List of PRE-IPO companies [January’22]

Victor Koch
17 min readJan 1, 2022

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For many years I’ve been publishing lists of PRE-Ipo companies. Undoubtedly 3 years ago those lists were shorter and did not require frequent updates, so now I’m introducing a new format with monthly updates. Don’t forget to subscribe to get my watchlist faster than others.

If you are interested in selling shares, please 📧 contact me.

Here we go 🔽

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Reddit IPO (Forecast Q1 2022)

  • Founded Date — 2005 (SF, CA, US)
  • Founders — Aaron Swartz, Alexis Ohanian, Steve Huffman

Funding traction, total raised ~$1.3B

  • Series A — 2012 at val. $399M, $0.3519 pps
  • Series B — 2014 at val. $500M, $6.2631 pps
  • Series C — 2017 at val. $1.8B, $15.779 pps
  • Series D — 2019 at val. $3.3B, $21.6893 pps
  • Series E — 2021 atl va. $6.09B, $42.4742 pps (source)

1) Reddit Files for IPO (source)

2) Reddit is targeting a $15 billion IPO valuation and looking to hire advisers, report says (source)

Trading at $95 — $100 in the secondary market (Dec ‘21)

Airtable IPO (Forecast Q3 2022)

Airtable IPO
  • Founded Date — 2013 (HQ, SF, CA, US)
  • Founders — Andrew Ofstad, Emmett Nicholas, Howie Liu

Funding traction, total raised ~$1.4B

  • Series A and A1 — 2015 at val. $30M, $1.3369 pps
  • Series B and B1 — 2018 at val. $152M, $5.0398 pps
  • Series C and C1 — 2018 at val. $1.08B, $24 pps
  • Series D — September 2020 at val. $2.57B, $56.5392 pps
  • Series E — March 2021 at val. $5.53B, $106.9709 pps
  • Series F — Dec 2021 at val. $11.75B, $187.2845 pps (source)

This round bridges us to profitability and allows us to time an IPO (source)

Trading at $192–200 in the secondary market (Jan ‘22)

Impossible Foods IPO (Forecast Q1 or Q2 2022)

  • Founded Date — 2011 (HQ, SF, CA)
  • Founders — Monte Casino, Patrick Brown

Funding traction, total raised ~$1.9B

  • Series A — 2012 at val. $16M, $1 pps
  • Series A-1–2013 at val. $18M, $0.39 pps
  • Series B — 2013 at val. $130M, $1.35 pps
  • Series C — 2014 at val. $260M, $2.03 pps
  • Series D — 2015 at val. $700M, $4.50 pps
  • Series E — 2018 at val. $2B, $10.60 pps
  • Series F — 2020 at val. $3.4B, $15.42 pps
  • Series G — 2020 at val. $4.2B, $16.25 pps
  • Venture Round — 2021 at val. $6.88B, $24.1616 pps

Impossible Foods Go Public with $10B IPO in the next 12 months (source)

Beyond Meat’s Rival Impossible Foods Gains $200M More in Funding (source)

Trading at $26 in the secondary market (Jan ‘22)

Vercel IPO (Forecast 2023)

  • Founded Date — 2015 (HQ, SF, CA, US)
  • Founders — Guillermo Rauch

Funding traction, total raised ~$313M

  • Series A — April 2020 at val. $66M, $1.9302 pps
  • Series B — Dec 2020 at val. $325M, $10.70 pps
  • Series C — Jun 2021 at val. $1.09B, $32.68 pps
  • Series D — Oct 2021 at val. $2.51B, $69.58pps (source)

Trading at $72 — $74 in the secondary market (Jan ‘22)

Kraken DPO (Forecast Q3 2022)

  • Founded Date — 2011 (SF, CA,US)
  • Founders — Jesse Powell

Funding traction, total raised ~$118.5M

  • Series A — 2016 at val. $26M, $0.1731 pps
  • Series B — 2020 at val. $4.02B, $19.84 pps
  • Series C (not closed yet) — 2021 at val. $10B, $52.65 pps

1) Bitcoin exchange Kraken considers going public after record trading volumes in the first quarter (source)

2) Multi-billion-dollar investment trust backs Kraken ahead listing (source)

3) Kraken said to be raising new funding at over $10 billion valuation (source)

Trading at $55 — $57 in the secondary market (Dec ‘21)

Stripe IPO (Forecast Q1 or Q2 2022)

Sorry, the information could not be disclosed.

Please contact the corporate department to request data.

Trading at $95 — $108 in the secondary market (Dec ‘21)

Verbit IPO (Forecast Q3 2022)

  • Founded Date — 2017 (HQ, NY, US)
  • Founders — Kobi Ben Tzvi, Sivan Cohen Pur, Tom Livne

Funding traction, total raised ~$569M

  • Series A — 2019 at val. $64.27M, $18.3793 pps
  • Series B — Jan 2020 at val. $125M, $29.1869 pps
  • Series C — Nov 2020 at val. $290M, $57 pps
  • Series D — Jun 2021 at val. $1.07B, $167.1829 pps
  • Series E — Nov 2021 at val. $2.08B, $291.07 pps (source, source 2)

Verbit is a step closer to its planned IPO in the near future after closing the Series E, Livne said when asked regarding its listing plan. (source)

Trading at $295–300 per share in the secondary market (Jan ‘22)

DataRobot IPO (Forecast Q1 or Q2 2022)

  • Founded Date — 2012 (Boston, Massachusetts, US)
  • Founders — Jeremy Achin, Thomas DeGodoy

Funding traction, total raised ~$750.6M

  • Series A — 2014 at val. $71M, $1.6022 pps
  • Series B — 2016 at val. $122.11M, $1.91 pps
  • Series C — 2017 at val. $282.7M, $2.9783 pps
  • Series D — 2018 at val. $705M, $5.562 pps
  • Series E — 2019 at val. $1.32B, $7.58 pps
  • Series F — 2020 at val. $2.73B, $13.14 pps

1) Conflict Over IPO, Sales Led to CEO Ouster at DataRobot (source)

2) DataRobot eyes IPO after another VC haul (source)

Trading at $32–33 in the secondary market (Dec ‘21)

GoPuff IPO (Forecast Q2 or Q3 2022)

Sorry, the information could not be disclosed.

Please contact the corporate department to request data.

1) After a Boost In Capital, Investors Wonder When goPuff Will Go Public (source)

2) GoPuff raises $1.15 billion at nearly $9 billion valuation from SoftBank, others (source)

Trading at $18 — $20 in the secondary market (Jan ‘22)

Grofers IPO (Forecast Q4 2021)

Total raised ~$608M

Funding traction — n/a

Grofers advances IPO lisiting target to 2021-end (source)

ThoughtSpot IPO (Forecast Q1 or Q2 2022)

  • Founded Date — 2012 (HQ, Sunnyvale, CA)
  • Founders — Abhishek Rai, Abhishek Rai, Ajeet Singh, Amit Prakash, Priyendra Deshwal, Priyendra Deshwal, Sanjay Agrawal, Shashank Gupta, Vijay Ganesan

Funding traction, total raised ~$678.25M

  • Series A — 2012 at val. $31M, $0.88 pps
  • Series B — 2014 at val. $140M, $3.13 pps
  • Series C — 2016 at val. $290M, $4.94 pps
  • Series C-1–2017 at val. $440M, $5.76 pps
  • Series D — 2018 at val. $880M, $9.69 pps
  • Series E — 2019 at val. $2B, $13.83 pps
  • Corporate Round — 01.09.2021, Raised $20M from Snowflake (Source)
  • Series F — Nov 2021 at val. $4.21B, $25.8 pps (Source)

1) ThoughtSpot Preps For Public Debut (source) 02/08/2021

2) Analytics startup ThoughtSpot just raised $20 million from $60 billion Snowflake — and it plans to IPO when it fulfills three goals (Source)

3) ThoughtSpot Names CFO As it Eyes Public Offering (source)

Trading at ~$28.50–33.5 in the secondary market (Jan ‘22)

DataMinr IPO (Forecast 2023)

  • Founded Date — 2009 (HQ, NY, US)
  • Founders — Jeff Kinsey, Sam Hendel, Theodore Bailey

Funding traction, total raised ~$1.1B

  • Series A — 2010 at val. $13.18M, $0.5 pps
  • Series B — 2012 at val. $71.23M, $2.21 pps
  • Series C — 2013 at val. $140M, $3.65 pps
  • Series D — 2015 at val. $700M, $12.75 pps
  • Series E — 2018 at val. $1.63B, $19.9 pps
  • Series F — 2021 at val. $4.14B, $44 pps (source)

Dataminr has confirmed that this Series F values the company at $4.1 billion as it gears up for an IPO in 2023.

Trading at $50 — $52.5 in the secondary market (Dec ‘21)

Shippo IPO (Forecast Q3 2022)

  • Founded Date — 2013 (SF, CA, US)
  • Founders — Laura Behrens Wu, Max M. Diez, Simon Kreuz

Funding traction, total raised ~$155M

  • Series A — 2016 at val. $34.94M, $2.9621 pps
  • Series B — 2017 at val. $75.45M, $4.1724 pps
  • Series C — 2020 at val. $225M, $9.9425 pps
  • Series D — 2021 at val. $515M, $19.39 pps
  • Series E — 2021 atl val. $1B, $36.018 pps

Trading at $39 — $41.50 in the secondary market (Dec ‘21)

Chime IPO (Forecast Q1 2022)

Funding traction, total raised ~$2.3B

  • Series A — 2014 at val. $32.5M, $0.272 pps
  • Series A2–2015 at val. $34.5M, $0.2592 pps
  • Series B — 2017 at val. $90M, $0.4703 pps
  • Series C/C1–2018 at val. $494M, $2.1258 pps
  • Series D — 2019 at val. $1.45B, $5.22 pps
  • Series E — 2019 at val. $5.82B, $17.2618 pps
  • Series F — 2020 at val. $14.34B, $40.92 pps (source)
  • Series G — 2021 at val. $24.76B, $69.0698 pps (source)

1) Chime has held preliminary talks with investment banks about launching a stock market flotation, which could value the financial services startup at more than $30 billion, as soon as the end of 2021.

Tucked inside a CNBC article that broke the story was news that Chime is now EBITDA profitable and could be “IPO-ready” in its CEO’s eyes in around a year’s time.

2) Chime In Talks To Go Public At $35 Billion To $45 Billion Valuation (source)

Trading at $86 — $98 in the secondary market (Jan ‘22)

Puppet Labs IPO via SPAC (No Forecast, Just Rumors)

Sorry, the information could not be disclosed.

Please contact the corporate department to request data.

Portland tech company Puppet sets 2021 target for IPO (source)

Socure IPO (Forecast Q1 or Q2 2022)

  • Founded Date — 2012 (HQ, NY, US)
  • Founders — Johnny Ayers, Sunil Madhu

Funding traction, total raised ~$196,9M

  • Series A — 2014 at val. $12.9M, $0.2294 pps
  • Series A1–2016 at val. $30.44M, $0.3731 pps
  • Series B — 2017 at val. $54.79M, $0.4269 pps
  • Series C–2019 at val. $175M, $0.8527 pps
  • Series C-1–2020 at val. $375B, $1.6311 pps
  • Series D — 2021 at val. $1.33B, $5.2 pps (source)

Socure gears up for IPO, perhaps sooner than expected (source)

Trading at $5.75 — $6.25 in the secondary market (Jan ‘22)

Bitfury IPO (Forecast Q3 2022)

  • Bitfury Group is planning to go public in the next 12 months
  • The crypto mining firm’s IPO would be Europe’s biggest cryptocurrency-related corporate debut.
  • Bitfury’s backers include Mike Novogratz’s Galaxy Digital and Australian investment bank Macquarie.

Bitcoin mining firm Bitfury Group is planning to go public in the next 12 months in what would be Europe’s biggest cryptocurrency-related debut, The Telegraph reported. Bitfury was seeking advice from Deloitte, a New York-based consultancy, to review how ready it is to go public, according to The Telegraph. Bitfury did not respond to Insider’s request for comment. The mining firm, headquartered in the Netherlands, was valued at around $1 billion in its latest fundraising, The Telegraph said, citing company filings. Among Bitfury’s investors are Mike Novogratz’s Galaxy Digital and Australian investment bank Macquarie. Since its inception in 2011, Bitfury has been a leading full-service blockchain technology company. It is also one of the biggest private infrastructure providers in the blockchain ecosystem.

Rubrik IPO or M&A (Forecast Q3 or Q4 2022)

  • Founded Date — 2014 (HQ, SF, CA)
  • Founders — Arvind Jain, Arvind Nithrakashyap, Bipul Sinha, Soham Mazumdar

Funding traction, total raised ~$553M

  • Series A — 2015 at val. $25.26M, $0.672 pps
  • Series B — 2015 at val. $137M, $2.4475 pps
  • Series C — 2016 at val. $311M, $6.85 pps
  • Series D — 2017 at val. $1.38B, $11.85 pps
  • Series E — 2019 at val. $3.64B, $14.63 pps
  • Corporate Round — 2021 at val. $4B, $23.55 pps

Trading at $42 — $49 in the secondary market (Jan ‘21)

Microsoft announces new equity investment in Rubrik (source)

Discord IPO (Forecast Q2 or Q4 2022)

Funding traction, total raised ~$480M

  • Series A — 2014 at val. $22M, $1.9457 pps
  • Series B — 2015 at val. $45M, $3.3921 pps
  • Series C — 2016 at val. $99,9M, $5.917 pps
  • Series D — 2016 at val. $260M, $14.15 pps
  • Series E — 2017 at val. $775M, $37,12 pps
  • Series F — 2018 at val. $1.6B, $77 pps
  • Series F1–2019 at val. $2.05B, $87.249 pps
  • Series G — 2020 at val. $3.55B, $144.1809 pps
  • Series H — 2020 at val. $7B, $280.2487 pps (source)
  • Series I — 2021 at val. $15.2B, $550.6244 pps (source)

1) Discord Would Give Microsoft a $10 Billion ‘Place to Talk’ (source)

2) Chat Startup Discord Hires Its First Finance Chief to Boost Growth (source)

3) This latest fundraising had been rumored for a while, and some have described it as a “pre-IPO round” for the privately-backed startup. Prime Unicorn notes that Discord’s most recent price per share in the documentation is $280.2487, with the Series G priced at $144.1809. (source)

4) Chat startup to stay independent as it resumes interest in a potential initial public offering (source)

Trading at $603 — $625 in the secondary market (Jan ‘22)

Patreon IPO (Forecast Q4 2021)

  • Founded Date — 2013 (SF, CA, US)
  • Founders — Jack Conte, Sam Yam

Funding traction, total raised ~$413.3M

  • Series A — 2014 at val. $65.5M, $1.9474 pps
  • Series B — 2016 at val. $140M, $3.2821 pps
  • Series C — 2017 at val. $450M, $6.9511 pps
  • Series D — 2019 at val. $660M, $8.8707 pps
  • Series E — 2020 at val. $1.29B, $17.1062 pps
  • Series F — 2021 at val. $4.01B, $49.84 pps

1) Patreon Might Join Other Companies Seeking an IPO in 2021 (source)

2) Patreon considers Public Listing as soon as this tear (source)

Trading at $60 — $64.70 in the secondary market (Dec ‘21)

Instacart IPO (Forecast Q1 or Q2 2022)

Funding traction, total raised ~$2.4B

  • Series A — 2013 at val. $26M, $2.98 pps
  • Series B/B1–2014 at val. $400M, $2.98 pps
  • Series C — 2014 at val. $2.1B, $13.31 pps
  • Series D/D1–2017 at val. $3.5B, $18.52 pps
  • Series E /E1–2018 at val. $4.37B, $20.11 pps
  • Series F — 2018 at val. $7.6B, $29.74 pps
  • Series G — 2020 at val. $13.74B, $48.09 pps (source)
  • Series H — 2020 at val. $17.7B, $60 pps (source)

1) Instacart pushing off IPO to work on growth (source)

2)All indications point to Instacart going public this year, but it might not take the traditional IPO route. In March, Reuters reported that the company was considering going public through a direct listing instead of an IPO. A direct listing is a less expensive option where investors and employees sell their existing stocks to the public instead of offering new shares in an IPO.

Trading at $105 — $130 in the secondary market (Jan ‘22)

Intercom IPO (Forecast Q2 or Q3 2022)

  • Founded Date — 2011 (HQ, SF, CA)
  • Founders — Ciaran Lee, David Barrett, Des Traynor, Eoghan McCabe

Funding traction, total raised ~$291M

  • Series A — 2013 at val. $29M, $1.89 pps
  • Series B — 2014 at val. $97M, $4.89 pps
  • Series C — 2015 at val. $300M, $13.69 pps
  • Series C-1–2015 at val. $520M, $21.85 pps
  • Series D — 2018 at val. $1.2B, $46.43 pps

Ms Peacock said that an IPO was a preferable future path to remaining private and seeking more funding — even though venture markets are awash with cheap capital at present. (source)

Intercom hires a CFO as it ramps toward an IPO (source, source 2)

Trading at $90 — $102 in the secondary market (Jan ‘22)

Outreach IPO (Forecast Q3 or Q4 2022)

Funding traction, total raised ~$289M

  • Series A — 2015 at val. $29M, $0.64 pps
  • Series B — 2016 at val. $69M, $1.15 pps
  • Series C — 2017 at val. $170M, $2.41 pps
  • Series D — 2018 at val. $430M, $4.99 pps
  • Series E — 2019 at val. $1.1B, $9.18 pps
  • Series F — 2020 at val. $1.34B, $9.825 pps
  • Series G — 2021 at val. $4.44B, $29.267 pps

After raising big round, Outreach CEO talks post-unicorn life, IPO plans, creating culture, and more (source)

Trading at $32 — $38 in the secondary market (Jan ‘22)

Illumio IPO (Forecast Q2 or Q3 2022)

  • Founded Date — 2013 (HQ, Sunnyvale,CA)
  • Founders — Andrew Rubin, PJ Kirner

Funding traction, total raised ~$332M

  • Series A — 2013 at val. $26M, $0.12 pps
  • Series B — 2013 at val. $180M, $0.63 pps
  • Series C — 2015 at val. $1.2B, $3.21 pps
  • Series D — 2017 at val. $1.3B, $3.28 pps
  • Series E — 2019 at val. $1.9B, $4.37 pps
  • Series F — 2021 at val. $2.75B, $6.7155 pps (source)

Cybersecurity startup Illumio just raised millions again and hired a CFO (source)

Trading at $8.2 — $8.45 in the secondary market (Jan ‘22)

DataBricks IPO (Forecast Q1 or Q2 2022)

  • Founded Date — 2013 (HQ, SF, CA)
  • Founders — Ali Ghodsi, Andy Konwinski, Ion Stoica, Matei Zaharia, Patrick Wendell, Reynold Xin, Scott Shenker

Funding traction, total raised ~$3.5B

  • Series A — 2013 at val. $50M, $0.78 pps
  • Series B — 2014 at val. $240M, $3.35 pps
  • Series C — 2016 at val. $510M, $5.90 pps
  • Series D — 2017 at val. $940M, $8.38 pps
  • Series E — 2019 at val. $2.7B, $21.29 pps
  • Series F — 2019 at val. $6.2B, $42.95 pps (source)
  • Series G- 2021 at val. $27.96B, $177.3679 pps (source)
  • Series H — 2021 at val. $37.89B, $220.4524 pps (source)

Ali Ghodsi (CEO) declined to share timing around a possible IPO, and it isn’t clear whether the company will pursue a traditional IPO or if it will continue to raise private funds so that it can direct list when it chooses to float. Regardless, Databricks is now sufficiently valuable that it can only exit to one of a handful of mega-cap technology giants or go public.

Trading at $233 — $248 in the secondary market (Dec ‘21)

Plaid IPO (Forecast Q4 2021 or Q1 2022)

  • Founded Date — 2013 (SF, CA, US)
  • Founders — William Hockey, Zachary Perret

Funding traction, total raised ~$734.3M

  • Series A — 2015 at val. $52.5M, $3.90 pps
  • Series B — 2016 at val. $225M, $13.26 pps
  • Series C — 2018 at val. $2.62B, $129.3 pps
  • Series D — 2021 at val. $13.4B, $780 pps

Plaid just raised $425 million at a $13.4 billion valuation, bringing on new investors Altimeter, Silver Lake, and Ribbit as it eyes an eventual IPO (source)

Trading at $920 — $1020 in the secondary market (Nov ‘21)

SNYK IPO (No Forecast, Just Rumors)

  • Founded Date — 2015 (Reading, United Kingdom)
  • Founders — Assaf Hefetz, Danny Grander, Guy Podjarny

Funding traction, total raised ~$712M

  • Series A — 2018 at val. $27M, $0.31 pps and Series A+ at $1.29
  • Series B — 2018 at val. $99M, $4.15 pps
  • Series B1–2019 at val. $264M, $10.69 pps
  • Series C — 2020 at val. $1.9B, $32 pps
  • Series D — Unkown
  • Series E — 2020 at val. $4.7B

1) Boston unicorn Snyk raises $200M, eyes IPO (source)

2) Snyk Closes $200M to Modernize Security Industry (source)

3) Developer Security Firm Snyk Raises $300 Million at $4.7B Valuation (source)

Trading at $72 — $76 in the secondary market (Dec ‘21)

GOAT IPO via SPAC (No Forecast, Just Rumors)

Sorry, the information could not be disclosed.

Please contact the corporate department to request data.

Sneaker Platform GOAT Raises $100 Million To Kick-Start Expansion (source)

Tempus IPO (No Forecast, Just Rumors)

  • Founded Date — 2015 (Chicago, US)
  • Founders — Eric Lefkofsky

Funding traction, total raised ~$1.1B

  • Series A — 2015 at val. $85M, $1 pps
  • Series B — 2016 at val. $414.2M, $1.86 pps
  • Series C — 2017 at val. $799M, $7.15 pps
  • Series D — 2018 at val. $1.03B, $9.37 pps
  • Series E — 2018 at val. $2.17B, $16.74 pps
  • Series F — 2019 at val. $3.17B, $24.76 pps
  • Series G — 2020 at val. $5.02B, $38.35 pps
  • Series G1- 2020 at val. $8.3B, $57.30 pps

Tempus Announces $200 Million Series G-2 Financing (source)

Trading at $85–96 in the secondary market (Dec ‘21)

Harry’s IPO via SPAC (No Forecast, Just Rumors)

Sorry, the information could not be disclosed.

Please contact the corporate department to request data.

1) Harry’s Labs looks to M&A as it launches new brand (source)

2) The Founders of Harry’s Got a $1.37 Billion Offer to Sell. (source)

3) Harry’s Raises A $155 Million Series E At $1.7 Billion, A Year After The FTC Blocked Its Billion-Dollar Sale To Edgewell (source)

SpaceX IPO (No Forecast, Just Rumors)

  • Founded Date — 2002 (HQ, LA, CA)
  • Founders — Elon Musk

Funding traction, total raised ~$4.5B + secure deals

  • Series A — 2002 at val. $71M, $1 pps
  • Series B — 2005 at val. $160M, $2 pps
  • Series C — 2007 at val. $300M, $3 pps
  • Series D — 2008 at val. $420M, $3.88 pps
  • Series E — 2009 at val. $550M, $4.50 pps
  • Series F — 2010 at val. $970M, $7.50 pps
  • Tender deal at val. $15B, $96.42 pps
  • Series H +follow up — 2017 at val. $21B, $135 pps
  • Series I — 2018 at val. $27B, $169 pps
  • Series J — 2018 at val. $31B, $186 pps
  • Series K — 2019 at val. $33B, $204 pps
  • Series L — 2019 at val. $35B, $214 pps
  • Series M — 2020 at val. $37B, $220 pps
  • Series N — 2020 at val. $44B, ~$270 pps (source)
  • Series N-1–2020 at val. $46B, $276 pps (source)
  • Series N-2–2021 at val. $74B, $419.99 pps (source)
  • Series N-3–2021 at val. $100B, N/A pps (source)

Trading at $600 — $700 in the secondary market (Oct ‘21)

Funnel IPO (Forecast Q3 or Q4 2022)

Sorry, the information could not be disclosed.

Please contact the corporate department to request data.

Funnel, a no-code tool for marketers to organize disparate data sources, raises $66M in ‘pre-IPO’ round (source)

Who is Victor Koch?

Victor Koch Wall-Street

Mr. Koch — a serial entrepreneur and late-stage investor specializing in secondary shares.

Previously: Twilio, Xiaomi, iQiyi, PinDuoDuo, Tilray, Livongo, Agora, Bandwidth, Kwai, Robinhood, Chime, TransferWise, Oatly, Hims, Coursera.

Currently: Enflame, Addepar, Grab, Intercom, FaDaDa, Wise, Stripe, Toss, Epic Games, Hai Robotics, Automattic, Fiture, TigerG, and other

Contact — here, If you are a startup building in this space — email or DM me to be included in this article.

The content was collected from various open sources, approved by companies, and does not provide any one-stop recommendation for the purchase of shares. All data was used for only informational purposes and does not contain insider information that may be malicious or refuted by the company and SEC.

This communication does not represent an offer or solicitation to buy or sell securities. Such an offer must be made via definitive legal documentation by the buyer or seller of securities, please check the SEC rules before buying shares from any stock-suppliers.

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Victor Koch
Victor Koch

Written by Victor Koch

Serial entrepreneur, accredited investor, and hedge fund manager. Ex-General Partner of Koch Fund

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